It is estimated that between 6 and 8 million people in the United States have some form of language impairment, and by first grade, about 5% of children have noticeable speech disorders. Speech-language pathologists diagnose and treat these communication disorders, as well as swallowing and other language-related disorders.
Speech-language pathologists work with people who
- Have had a stroke that causes them to have difficulty understanding or expressing language
- Cannot make speech sounds, or cannot make them clearly
- Have speech rhythm and fluency problems, such as stuttering
- Have voice quality problems, such as inappropriate pitch or harsh voice
- Have problems understanding and producing language
- Wish to improve their communication skills by modifying an accent
- Have cognitive communication impairments, such as attention, memory, and problem solving disorders
- Have oral motor problems causing eating and swallowing difficulties
Speech-language pathologists also
- Interact with patients and their families around both medical and emotional needs
- Help develop new diagnostic criteria and treatments by participating in clinical research
Employment opportunities can be found in
- Public and private schools
- Hospitals
- Rehabilitation centers
- Skilled nursing facilities
- Community clinics
- Colleges, universities and research laboratories
- Private practice
- Home care
- Centers for persons with developmental disabilities
Education and training requirements
A graduate degree is required for certification by the Council For Clinical Certification of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. In order to be eligible for certification, speech-language pathologists must also successfully complete the required clinical experiences and pass a national exam.
Speech-language pathologists are also expected to have
- Excellent academic skills, especially in science, math and English
- Patience, persistence and the ability to work well with others
- Cultural competence and sensitivity
- The ability to communicate effectively (both orally and in writing)